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| CAS No.: | 108-78-1 |
|---|---|
| Name: | Melamine |
| Article Data: | 230 |
| Cas Database | |
| Molecular Structure: | |
|
|
|
| Formula: | C3H6N6 |
| Molecular Weight: | 126.121 |
| Synonyms: | 1,3,5-Triazine-2,4,6-triamine;2,4,6-Triamino-s-triazine;Cyanurotriamide;Cyanurotriamine;Cyanuramide;s-Triazine, 2,4,6-triamino-;s-Triazinetriamine;2,4,6-Triamino-1,3,5-triazine; |
| EINECS: | 203-615-4 |
| Density: | 1.661 g/cm3 |
| Melting Point: | 354 °C |
| Boiling Point: | 557.541 °C at 760 mmHg |
| Flash Point: | 325.302 °C |
| Solubility: | 3 g/L (20 °C) in water |
| Appearance: | white solid |
| Hazard Symbols: |
 Xi, Xn
|
| Risk Codes: | 43-44-20/21 |
| Safety: | 36/37 |
| Transport Information: | 3263 |
| PSA: | 116.73000 |
| LogP: | 0.36180 |
| Conditions | Yield |
|---|---|
| Stage #1: urea at 140 - 160℃; under 6000.48 Torr; Stage #2: With ammonia; γ-Al2O3 under 750.06 - 1500.12 Torr; | 98% |
| In water Product distribution / selectivity; | 88.5% |
| With ammonia High Pressure; 70 to 300 at; at 350°C; 120 min; | 12.6% |
sodium cyanamide
A
2,4,6-triamino-s-triazine
| Conditions | Yield |
|---|---|
| In neat (no solvent) at 201.9℃; under 0.0008 Torr; for 18h; | A n/a B 98% |
| Conditions | Yield |
|---|---|
| High Pressure; heating of equiv. amts. of dicyanodiamide and liquid NH3 in autoclave at 160°C at a pressure of 200 at; | 98% |
| In further solvent(s) heating in isobutanol; | |
| High Pressure; using Sn-Mg alloy for absorption of heat of reactn.; | <59 |
1,3,5-tribenzyl-2,4,6-triimino-1,3,5-triazine
hydrogen
2,4,6-triamino-s-triazine
| Conditions | Yield |
|---|---|
| With trimethyleneglycol In ethanol redn.; | 94% |
| Conditions | Yield |
|---|---|
| With potassium hydroxide In water; dimethyl sulfoxide | 93% |
dicyandiamide
2,4,6-triamino-s-triazine
| Conditions | Yield |
|---|---|
| With ammonia High Pressure; at degree of charge of autoclave = 100%; yield depends on degree of charge of autoclave as follows: 44, 52, 77, 88.5 and 92% at degree of charge of 8, 17, 33, 67 and 100% respectively; | 92% |
| In further solvent(s) heating in benzylamine; | 71% |
| normal and higher pressure, above melting point; |
| Conditions | Yield |
|---|---|
| With hydrogenchloride In water at 100℃; for 24h; Time; Temperature; | 53% |
2,4,6-triamino-s-triazine
| Conditions | Yield |
|---|---|
| High Pressure; at 300°C; at a pressure of 40 at; 260 min; | 36.7% |
| Conditions | Yield |
|---|---|
| With alkaline hydrolysis | A 33% B 9% |
| Conditions | Yield |
|---|---|
| thermal decompn. in closed ampul; at 400°C; 180 min; | A 25% B 18% |
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*Required Fields
Melamine has the IUPAC name of 1,3,5-Triazine-2,4,6-triamine. Melamine is white solid with the formula C3H6N6. Melamine is soluble in water, glycol, glycerin and pyridine; slightly soluble in ethanol; insoluble in diethyl ether, benzene and carbon tetrachloride. In addition, Melamine is incompatible with strong oxidizing agents and strong acids. Melamine will sublime when gently heated. It has the CAS register number of 108-78-1 and EINECS register number of 203-615-4. What's more, you should protect Melamine from moisture, heat, ignition sources, and incompatible substances. On the other hand, Melamine should be protected from direct light.
Preparation: You can use urea to produce Melamine as the following reaction which is very common in most industrial manufacturers. This reaction can be carried out by either of two methods: catalyzed gas-phase production or high pressure liquid-phase production. Currently, China is the world's largest exporter of melamine, while its domestic consumption still grows by 10% per year.
6 (NH2)2CO → C3H6N6 + 6 NH3 + 3 CO2
Melamine can also be prepared by dicyandiamide and ammonia in solvent of methanol at temperature of 200 °C. Per ton of product will consume 1180Kg dicyandiamide (98% ), 30 Kg liquid ammonia in this method.
H4C2N4 + NH3 [CH3OH] → C3H6N6
Uses: Both the Melamine and formaldehyde can be used to produce melamine resin which is a very durable thermosetting plastic used in Formica, and Melamine foam, a polymeric cleaning product. As superplasticizer, Melamine can also enter the fabrication of Melamine poly-sulfonate for making high-resistance concrete. As fertilizer, Melamine had been envisaged for crops because of its high nitrogen content. However, Melamine is much more expensive to produce than other common nitrogen fertilizers, such as urea. Melamine and its salts are used as fire-retardant additives in paints, plastics and paper. Melamine is sometimes illegally added to food products in order to increase the apparent protein content.
Regulation: The United Nations' food standards body, Codex Alimentarius Commission, has set the maximum amount of Melamine allowed in powdered infant formula to 1 mg/kg and the amount of Melamine allowed in other foods and animal feed to 2.5 mg/kg. While not legally binding, the levels allow countries to ban importation of products with excessive levels of melamine.
When using the Melamine, you should be very cautious because it is irritant and harmful. Melamine is harmful by inhalation and in contact with skin. Melamine may cause sensitisation by skin contact. There will be a risk of explosion if heated Melamine under confinement. Whenever you will use Melamine, you should wear suitable protective clothing and gloves.
Descriptors computed from structure of Melamine:
(1)Canonical SMILES: C1(=NC(=NC(=N1)N)N)N
(2)InChI: InChI=1S/C3H6N6/c4-1-7-2(5)9-3(6)8-1/h(H6,4,5,6,7,8,9)
(3)InChIKey: JDSHMPZPIAZGSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Toxicity of Melamine:
| Organism | Test Type | Route | Reported Dose (Normalized Dose) | Effect | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| mouse | LD50 | oral | 3296mg/kg (3296mg/kg) | Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology. Vol. 72, Pg. 292, 1984. | |
| mouse | LD50 | unreported | 1gm/kg (1000mg/kg) | Gigiena i Sanitariya. For English translation, see HYSAAV. Vol. 58(2), Pg. 14, 1993. | |
| mouse | LDLo | intraperitoneal | 800mg/kg (800mg/kg) | SENSE ORGANS AND SPECIAL SENSES: LACRIMATION: EYE BEHAVIORAL: TREMOR LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: CYANOSIS | "Patty's Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology," 3rd rev. ed., Clayton, G.D., and F.E. Clayton, eds., New York, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1978-82. Vol. 3 originally pub. in 1979; pub. as 2n rev. ed. in 1985.Vol. 2A, Pg. 2769, 1981. |
| rabbit | LD50 | skin | > 1gm/kg (1000mg/kg) | Acute Toxicity Data. Journal of the American College of Toxicology, Part B. Vol. 1, Pg. 110, 1990. | |
| rat | LC50 | inhalation | 3248mg/m3 (3248mg/m3) | Gigiena i Sanitariya. For English translation, see HYSAAV. Vol. 58(2), Pg. 14, 1993. | |
| rat | LD50 | oral | 3161mg/kg (3161mg/kg) | Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology. Vol. 72, Pg. 292, 1984. | |
| rat | LD50 | unreported | 6gm/kg (6000mg/kg) | Gigiena i Sanitariya. For English translation, see HYSAAV. Vol. 58(2), Pg. 14, 1993. | |
| rat | LDLo | intraperitoneal | 3200mg/kg (3200mg/kg) | SENSE ORGANS AND SPECIAL SENSES: LACRIMATION: EYE BEHAVIORAL: TREMOR LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: CYANOSIS | "Patty's Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology," 3rd rev. ed., Clayton, G.D., and F.E. Clayton, eds., New York, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1978-82. Vol. 3 originally pub. in 1979; pub. as 2n rev. ed. in 1985.Vol. 2A, Pg. 2769, 1981. |
